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The total sRANKL (human) ELISA kit is intended for the quantitative determination of of total sRANKL (human) in serum and plasma, i.e. free sRANKL as well as sRANKL bound to OPG. 

Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (RANKL) is a transmembrane protein produced by osteocytes and is part of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. It is the main stimulant for osteoclast formation and is essential for their survival.

RANKL expression leads to bone reabsorption and loss which is counteracted by osteoprotegerin (OPG). RANKL/OPG regulate bone remodeling and an imbalance may lead to bone metabolic diseases.

The 25 (OH) Vitamin D direct day ELISA kit is intended for the quantitative determination of 25 (OH) - vitamin D in serum and fresh human blood plasma.

Vitamin D regulates intestinal calcium resorption, bone mineralization, osteoblast differentiation, and bone matrix synthesis. 25 (OH) Vitamin D form is obtained after hydroxylation of Carbon 25 in the liver: this is the main form present in the circulating system, and its levels are use as an indicator for the general Vitamin D status of an individual.

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated to many diseases such as osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia, cancers and cardiovascular disease.

The Biotin ELISA kit is intended for the quantitative determination of biotin (vitamin B7/H) in serum, plasma, urine and milk.

Symptoms of biotin deficiency are caused by damage to the intestinal flora or extreme diets (e. g. frequent consumption of raw eggs). Consequences of biotin deficiency include dermatitis, hair loss, anorexia, muscular hypotonia, depression and sexual dysfunction.

The DAO ELISA kit is an enzyme immunoassay intended for the quantitative determination of diamine oxidase (DAO) in serum and dried blood spots.

DAO is a body‘s own enzyme that metabolises histamine.

Indications:

• Frequent headaches or migraine;

• Snuffles after consumption of histamine-containing nutrients;

• Tissue oedema;

• Eyelid turgor;

• Skin redness;

• Limb aches;

• Gastrointestinal discomfort;

• Monitoring of a histamine free diet.

The 25 (OH) Vitamin D dried blood ELISA kit s intended for the quantitative determination of the 25 (OH) Vitamin D in dried blood. 

Vitamin D regulates intestinal calcium resorption, bone mineralization, osteoblast differentiation, and bone matrix synthesis. 25 (OH) Vitamin D form is obtained after hydroxylation of Carbon 25 in the liver: this is the main form present in the circulating system, and its levels are use as an indicator for the general Vitamin D status of an individual.

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated to many diseases such as osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia, cancers and cardiovascular disease.

The 1,25 (OH) 2 Vitamin D ELISA Kit is intended for the quantitative determination of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in serum and plasma. 

1,25 (OH) 2 Vitamin D is formed in a second hydroxylation step in the kidney. The responsible enzyme, the kidney 1α-hydroxylase, is subjected to a rigid control through hormones (especially parathyroid hormone) and its activity is influenced by the serum concentrations of calcium and phosphate.

Indications:

• Defect of kidney function
• Chronic kidney failure
• Haemodialysis following kidney transplantation
• Renal osteopathy
• Osteomalacia from various types of vitamin D metabolism disturbances
• Kidney tubules function disturbances (diabetes insipidus, Fanconi-Syndrom)
• Monitoring of therapy with active vitamin D metabolites
• Ideopathic hypercalciuria
• Hypercalcaemia

The VDBP ELISA kit is an enzyme immunoassay intended for the quantitative determination of free and not actin complex bound vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) in serum, plasma and urine. 

In the blood, VDBP binds the bigger part of the circulating 25 (OH) vitamin D and brings it to the kidneys, where it is transformed into the hormone 1,25 (OH) 2 vitamin D.

The Zonulin ELISA kit is intended for the quantitative determination of zonulin family peptides (ZFP) in stool. 

Zonulin is a human protein which regulates tight junctions of the digestive tract. Zonulin binds to a specific receptor on the surface of intestinal epithelia and triggers a cascade of biochemical events which induces tight junction disassembly and a subsequent permeability increase of the intestinal epithelia, allowing some substances to pass through and activate immune reactions.

The zonulin system is more activated in celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. 

An increased intestinal permeability, also colloquially called ‘leaky gut’, is nowadays associated with the metabolic syndrome, obesity, and several autoimmune, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases.

The Zonulin ELISA kit is intended for the quantitative determination of zonulin family peptides (ZFP) in serum. 

Zonulin is a human protein which regulates tight junctions of the digestive tract. Zonulin binds to a specific receptor on the surface of intestinal epithelia and triggers a cascade of biochemical events which induces tight junction disassembly and a subsequent permeability increase of the intestinal epithelia, allowing some substances to pass through and activate immune reactions.

The zonulin system is more activated in celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. 

An increased intestinal permeability, also colloquially called ‘leaky gut’, is nowadays associated with the metabolic syndrome, obesity, and several autoimmune, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases.

The Retinol-binding protein RBP/RBP4 ELISA kit is an enzyme immunoassay intended for the quantitative determination of free retinol-binding protein RBP/RBP4 as well as RBP4 complexed with transthyretin in plasma, serum and urine. 

Retinol-binding protein RBP/RBP4 is a transport protein for vitamin A which forms a complex with prealbumin in blood, but loses its affinity for prealbumin once the vitamin has been delivered to the target cells. The free RBP/RBP4 molecule is rapidly filtered at the glomerulus and catabolised in the renal tubules after resorption by the proximal tubular cells. In kidney disease with prevailing tubular changes, these proteins are not reabsorbed and appear in the urine. 

The elevation of serum RBP/RBP4 causes systemic insulin resistance, whereas its reduction improves the insulin action.

The Retinol-binding protein RBP/RBP4 ELISA kit is an enzyme immunoassay intended for the quantitative determination of free retinol-binding protein RBP/RBP4 as well as RBP4 complexed with transthyretin in plasma, serum and urine. 

Retinol-binding protein RBP/RBP4 is a transport protein for vitamin A which forms a complex with prealbumin in blood, but loses its affinity for prealbumin once the vitamin has been delivered to the target cells. The free RBP/RBP4 molecule is rapidly filtered at the glomerulus and catabolised in the renal tubules after resorption by the proximal tubular cells. In kidney disease with prevailing tubular changes, these proteins are not reabsorbed and appear in the urine. 

The elevation of serum RBP/RBP4 causes systemic insulin resistance, whereas its reduction improves the insulin action.

The Carbonyl protein ELISA kit is an enzyme immunoassay intended for the quantitative determination of protein carbonyls in human serum and plasma. 

Indications:

•Atherosclerosis;

•Alzheimer’s disease;

•Parkinson’s disease;

•Rheumatoid arthritis;

•Uremia;

•Diabetes;

•Ageing;

•Cancerogenesis.

The IDO activity ELISA kit is designed to determine the determination of L-kinurenin and L-tryptophan in human serum, plasma and dried blood spots.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase catalyses the degradation of L-tryptophan (TRP) to L-kynurenine (KYN) and is the ratelimiting enzyme in this pathway.

IDO activity is an important regulator of the innate and adaptive immune system. It plays an important role in finetuning of the immune system, e. g. during the development and proliferation of cancer.